Aal AAA, Attia SS, Hanafy NA, Al-Antably AS, Hassan MA, El-Sherbiny W, Nasr AS (2014) Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Non Immune Pregnant Females. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7(3): 415-420.

Abedi E, Kheirandish M, Sharifi Z, Samiee S, Kokhaei P, Pourpak Z, Ashraf MJ (2017) Quantification of Active and Latent Form of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Umbilical Cord Blood Donors by Real-Time PCR. International Journal of Organ Transplantation Medicine 8(3): 140-145.

Ahmadpour E, Zargami E, Mahami-Oskouei M, Spotin A, Shahbazi A, Kafil HS, Rajabi S, Alizadeh P, Azadi Y, Bahaj R (2019) Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women using automated chemiluminescence and quantitative real time PCR. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 12(1): 26.

Ajzenberg D (2010) Is PCR testing on blood samples useful or not in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma encephalitis? Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104(8): 569-570.

Akane A, Matsubara K, Nakamura H, Takahashi S, Kimura K (1994) Identification of the heme compound copurified with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from bloodstains, a major inhibitor of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Journal of Forensic Science 39(2): 362-372.

Al-Hadraawy SK, Hadi FA (2017) Immunological and Molecular Study of Toxoplasma gondii in Al-Najaf Governorate-Iraq. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 9(4): 482-492.

Allander T, Tammi MT, Eriksson M, Bjerkner A, Tiveljung-Lindell A, Andersson B (2005) Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102(36): 12891-12896.

Arabzadeh SA, Alizadeh F, Tavakoli A, Mollaei H, Bokharaei-Salim F, Karimi G, Farahmand M, Mortazavi HS, Monavari SH (2017) Human parvovirus B19 in patients with beta thalassemia major from Tehran, Iran. Blood Research 52(1): 50-54.

Arora N, Novak Z, Fowler KB, Boppana SB, Ross SA (2010) Cytomegalovirus viruria and DNAemia in healthy seropositive women. Journal of Infectious Diseases 202(12): 1800-1803.

Arvin AM, Moffat JF, Redman R (1996) Varicella-zoster virus: aspects of pathogenesis and host response to natural infection and varicella vaccine. Advances in Virus Research 46: 263-309.

Aslanzadeh J, Garner JG, Feder HM, Ryan RW (1993) Use of polymerase chain reaction for laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 23(3): 196-202.

Belaz S, Gangneux JP, Dupretz P, Guiguen C, Robert-Gangneux F (2015) A 10-year retrospective comparison of two target sequences, REP-529 and B1, for Toxoplasma gondii detection by quantitative PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53(4): 1294-1300.

Bin Dajem SM, Almushait MA (2012) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA by PCR in blood samples collected from pregnant Saudi women from the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine 32(5): 507-512.

Boom R, Sol CJA, Schuurman T, van Breda A, Weel JFL, Beld M, ten Berge IJM, Wertheim-van Dillen PME, de Jong MD (2002) Human cytomegalovirus DNA in plasma and serum specimens of renal transplant recipients is highly fragmented. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40(11): 4105-4113.

Borg KL, Nordbø SA, Winge P, Dalen A (1995) Detection of cytomegalovirus using ‘boosted’nested PCR. Molecular and Cellular Probes 9(4): 251-257.

Bosma TJ, Corbett KM, O'Shea S, Banatvala JE, Best JM (1995) PCR for detection of rubella virus RNA in clinical samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(5): 1075-1079.

Botero JE, Vidal C, Contreras A, Parra B (2008) Comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR and viral culture for the detection of cytomegalovirus in subgingival samples. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 23(3): 239-244.

Bourdin C, Busse A, Kouamou E, Touafek F, Bodaghi B, Le Hoang P, Mazier D, Paris L, Fekkar A (2014) PCR-based detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in blood and ocular samples for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 52(11): 3987-3991.

Brenier-Pinchart MP, Capderou E, Bertini RL, Bailly S, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Varlet-Marie E, Murat JB, Sterkers Y, Touafek F, Bastien P, Pelloux H (2015) Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: value of the buffy coat for the detection of circulating Toxoplasma gondii. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 82(4): 289-291.

Burg JL, Grover CM, Pouletty P, Boothroyd JC (1989) Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27(8): 1787-1792.

Caldeira TDM, Goncalves CV, Oliveira GRd, Fonseca TVd, Goncalves R, Amaral CTd, Hora VPd,  Martinez AMBd (2013) Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 and risk factors associated with this infection in women in southern Brazil. Journal of Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 55(5): 315-321.

Cannon MJ, Westbrook K, Levis D, Schleiss MR, Thackeray, Pass RF (2012) Awareness of and behaviors related to child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus. Preventive Medicine 54(5): 351-357.

Cardona N, Basto N, Parra B, Zea AF, Pardo CA, Bonelo A, Gómez-Marin JE (2011) Detection of Toxoplasma DNA in the peripheral blood of HIV-positive patients with neuro-opportunistic infections by a real-time PCR assay. Journal of Neuroinfectious Diseases 2. doi:10.4303/jnp/N110402.

Cassaing S, Bessières MH, Berry A, Berrebi A, Fabre R, Magnaval JF (2006) Comparison between two amplification sets for molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by real-time PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 44(3): 720-724.

Cermakova Z, Ryskova O, Pliskova L (2005) Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in human biological samples. Folia Microbiologica 50(4): 341-344.

Chen XY, Hou PF, Bi J, Ying CM (2014) Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA in various blood components after liver transplantation. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 47(4): 340-344.

Chen Z, Guan W, Cheng F, Chen AY, Qiu J (2009) Molecular characterization of human parvovirus B19 genotypes 2 and 3. Virology 394(2): 276-285.

Chou Q, Russell M, Birch DE, Raymond J, Bloch W (1992) Prevention of pre-PCR mis-priming and primer dimerization improves low-copy-number amplifications. Nucleic Acids Research 20(7): 1717-1723.

Cofre F, Delpiano L, Labrana Y, Reyes A, Sandoval A, Izquierdo G (2016) [TORCH syndrome: Rational approach of pre and post natal diagnosis and treatment. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Neonatal Infections Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia, 2016]. Revista chilena de infectología 33(2): 191-216.

Contini C, Giuliodori M, Cultrera R, Seraceni S (2006) Detection of clinical-stage specific molecular Toxoplasma gondii gene patterns in patients with toxoplasmic lymphadenitis. Journal of Medical Microbiology 55(Pt 6): 771-774.

Correia CC, Melo HRL, Costa VMA (2010) Influence of neurotoxoplasmosis characteristics on real-time PCR sensitivity among AIDS patients in Brazil. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104(1): 24-28.

Costa ME, Oliveira CB, Andrade JM, Medeiros TA, Neto VF, Lanza DC (2016) An alternative nested-PCR assay for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii strains based on GRA7 gene sequences. Acta Tropica 159: 120-124.

Cristina N, Derouin F, Pelloux H, Pierce R, Cesbron-Delauwn MF, Ambroise-Thomas P (1992) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by" Polymerase Chain Reaction"(PCR) technique in AIDS infected patients using the repetitive sequence TGR1E. Pathologie-Biologie 40(1): 52-55.

Curti SP, Figueiredo CA, Oliveira MId, Andrade JQ, Zugaib M, Pedreira DAL, Durigon EL (2014) Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella infection in São Paulo. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira Journal 60(5): 451-456.

Davis WJ, Larson HE, Simsarian JP, Parkman PD, Meyer HM, Jr. (1971) A study of rubella immunity and resistance to infection. JAMA 215(4): 600-608.

de Jong MD, Weel JF, Schuurman T, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Boom R (2000) Quantitation of varicella-zoster virus DNA in whole blood, plasma, and serum by PCR and electrochemiluminescence. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38(7): 2568-2573.

Deback C, Fillet AM, Dhedin N, Barrou B, Varnous S, Najioullah F, Bricaire F, Agut H (2007) Monitoring of human cytomegalovirus infection in immunosuppressed patients using real-time PCR on whole blood. Journal of clinical virology 40(3): 173-179.

Demmler GJ (1991) Infectious Diseases Society of America and Centers for Disease Control. Summary of a workshop on surveillance for congenital cytomegalovirus disease. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 13(2): 315-329.

Dinc B, Bozdayi G, Biri A, Kalkanci A, Dogan B, Bozkurt N, Rota S (2010) Molecular detection of cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 2, human papillomavirus 16-18 in Turkish pregnants. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 14(6): 569-574.

Djurkovic-Djakovic O, Djokic V, Vujanic M, Zivkovic T, Bobic B, Nikolic A, Slavic K, Klun I, Ivovic V (2012) Kinetics of parasite burdens in blood and tissues during murine toxoplasmosis. Experimental Parasitology 131(3): 372-376.

Dollard SC, Grosse SD, Ross DS (2007) New estimates of the prevalence of neurological and sensory sequelae and mortality associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Reviews in Medical Virology 17(5): 355-363.

Dominguez G, Wang CY, Frey TK (1990) Sequence of the genome RNA of rubella virus: evidence for genetic rearrangement during togavirus evolution. Virology 177(1): 225-238.

Dominguez SR, Pretty K, Hengartner R, Robinson CC (2018) Comparison of Herpes Simplex Virus PCR with Culture for Virus Detection in Multisource Surface Swab Specimens from Neonates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 56(10).

Drago L, Lombardi A, De Vecchi E, Giuliani G, Bartolone R, Gismondo MR (2004) Comparison of nested PCR and real time PCR of Herpesvirus infections of central nervous system in HIV patients. BMC Infectious Diseases 4: 55.

Dupon M, Cazenave J, Pellegrin JL, Ragnaud JM, Cheyrou A, Fischer I, Leng B, Lacut JY (1995) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by PCR and tissue culture in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(9): 2421-2426.

Duraisamy SK, Mammen S, Lakshminarayan SKR, Verghese S, Moorthy M, George B, Kannangai R, Varghese S, Srivastava A, Abraham AM (2018) Performance of an in-house real-time PCR assay for detecting Cytomegalovirus infection among transplant patients from a tertiary care centre. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 36(2): 241.

Edvinsson B, Lappalainen M, Evengard B (2006) Real-time PCR targeting a 529-bp repeat element for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 12(2): 131-136.

Emna S, Karim A, Mohamed KC, Aida B (2006) [Difficulty in dating primary infections by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Tunisia]. Tunis Medicine 84(2): 85-87.

Enan KA, Rennert H, El-Eragi AM, El Hussein AR, Elkhidir IM (2011) Comparison of Real-time PCR to ELISA for the detection of human cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant patients in the Sudan. Virology Journal 8: 222.

Fabbri E, Revello MG, Furione M, Zavattoni M, Lilleri D, Tassis B, Quarenghi A, Rustico M, Nicolini U, Ferrazzi E, Gerna G (2011) Prognostic markers of symptomatic congenital human cytomegalovirus infection in fetal blood. BJOG 118(4): 448-456.

Fallahi S, Kazemi B, Seyyed tabaei SJ, Bandehpour M, Lasjerdi Z, Taghipour N, Zebardast N, Nikmanesh B, Omrani VF, Ebrahimzadeh F (2014) Comparison of the RE and B1 gene for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with cancer. Parasitology International 63(1): 37-41.

Franzen-Rohl E, Tiveljung-Lindell A, Grillner L, Aurelius E (2007) Increased detection rate in diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis by real-time PCR using cerebrospinal fluid samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45(8): 2516-2520.

Garrigue I, Doussau A, Asselineau J, Bricout H, Couzi L, Rio C, Merville P, Fleury H, Lafon ME, Thiebaut R (2008) Prediction of cytomegalovirus (CMV) plasma load from evaluation of CMV whole-blood load in samples from renal transplant recipients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 46(2): 493-498.

Habbal W, Monem F, Gartner BC (2009) Comparative evaluation of published cytomegalovirus primers for rapid real-time PCR: which are the most sensitive? Journal of Medical Microbiology 58(Pt 7): 878-883.

Hayden RT, Yan X, Wick MT, Rodriguez AB, Xiong X, Ginocchio CC, Mitchell MJ, Caliendo AM, College of American Pathologists Microbiology Resource C (2012) Factors contributing to variability of quantitative viral PCR results in proficiency testing samples: a multivariate analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 50(2): 337-345.

Homan WL, Vercammen M, De Braekeleer J, Verschueren H (2000) Identification of a 200-to 300-fold repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment in Toxoplasma gondii, and its use for diagnostic and quantitative PCR. International Journal for Parasitology 30(1): 69-75.

Hong KM, Najjar H, Hawley M, Press RD (2004) Quantitative real-time PCR with automated sample preparation for diagnosis and monitoring of cytomegalovirus infection in bone marrow transplant patients. Clinical Chemistry 50(5): 846-856.

Howe DK, Sibley LD (1995) Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases 172(6): 1561-1566.

Ikewaki J, Ohtsuka E, Kawano R, Ogata M, Kikuchi H, Nasu M (2003) Real-time PCR assay compared to nested PCR and antigenemia assays for detecting cytomegalovirus reactivation in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma patients. Journal of clinical Microbiology 41(9): 4382-4387.

Jauregui LH, Higgins J, Zarlenga D, Dubey JP, Lunney JK (2001) Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in pig and mouse tissues. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39(6): 2065-2071.

Jebbink J, Bai X, Rogers BB, Dawson DB, Scheuermann RH, Domiati-Saad R (2003) Development of real-time PCR assays for the quantitative detection of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, comparison of TaqMan probes, and molecular beacons. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 5(1): 15-20.

Jones CD, Okhravi N, Adamson P, Tasker S, Lightman S (2000) Comparison of PCR detection methods for B1, P30, and 18S rDNA genes of T. gondii in aqueous humor. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 41(3): 634-644.

Kaneko M, Sameshima H, Ikenoue T, Minematsu T (2006) A two-step strategy for detecting intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection with clinical manifestations in the mother, fetus, and newborn. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 59(6): 363-366.

Kapranos NC, Kotronias DC (2009) Detection of herpes simplex virus in first trimester pregnancy loss using molecular techniques. In vivo 23(5): 839-842.

Katow S, Minahara H, Fukushima M, Yamaguchi Y (1997) Molecular epidemiology of rubella by nucleotide sequences of the rubella virus E1 gene in three East Asian countries. Journal of Infectious Diseases 176(3): 602-616.

Kawada J, Kimura H, Ito Y, Hoshino Y, Tanaka-Kitajima N, Ando Y, Futamura M, Morishima T (2004) Comparison of real-time and nested PCR assays for detection of herpes simplex virus DNA. Microbiology and Immunology 48(5): 411-415.

Khalifa Ke-S, Roth A, Roth B, Arasteh KN, Janitschke K (1994) Value of PCR for evaluating occurrence of parasitemia in immunocompromised patients with cerebral and extracerebral toxoplasmosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(11): 2813-2819.

Khare M, Sharland M, Manyonda I, Rice P, Bland JM, Griffiths P (2004) Use of serial maternal urine cytomegalovirus PCR to detect primary CMV infection in seronegative pregnant women. Journal of Virological Methods 119(1): 31-35.

Kimura H, Ito Y, Futamura M, Ando Y, Yabuta Y, Hoshino Y, Nishiyama Y, Morishima T (2002) Quantitation of viral load in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection and comparison between type 1 and type 2. Journal of Medical Virology 67(3): 349-353.

Lamoril J, Molina JM, de Gouvello A, Garin YJ, Deybach JC, Modai J, Derouin F (1996) Detection by PCR of Toxoplasma gondii in blood in the diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. Journal of Clinical Pathology 49(1): 89-92.

Lau YL, Meganathan P, Sonaimuthu P, Thiruvengadam G, Nissapatorn V, Chen Y (2010) Specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnosis of active toxoplasmosis by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method using blood samples from patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 48(10): 3698-3702.

Lavrard I, Chouaid C, Roux P, Poirot JL, Marteau M, Lemarchand B, Meyohas MC, Olivier JL (1995) Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients: usefulness of polymerase chain reaction and cell culture. European Respiratory Journal 8(5): 697-700.

Lazar M, Abernathy E, Chen MH, Icenogle J, Janta D, Stanescu A, Pistol A, Santibanez S, Mankertz A, Hubschen JM, Mihaescu G, Necula G, Lupulescu E (2016) Epidemiological and Molecular investigation of a rubella outbreak, Romania, 2011 to 2012. Eurosurveillance 21(38).

LeGoff J, Pere H, Belec L (2014) Diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection in the clinical laboratory. Virology Journal 11: 83.

Lengerova M, Racil Z, Volfova P, Lochmanova J, Berkovcova J, Dvorakova D, Vorlicek J, Mayer J (2007) Real-time PCR diagnostics failure caused by nucleotide variability within exon 4 of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45(3): 1042-1044.

Leruez-Ville M, Ducroux A, Rouzioux C (2008) Exon 4 of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) major immediate-early gene as a target for CMV real-time PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 46(4): 1571-1572.

Li H, Dummer JS, Estes WR, Meng S, Wright PF, Tang YW (2003) Measurement of human cytomegalovirus loads by quantitative real-time PCR for monitoring clinical intervention in transplant recipients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41(1): 187-191.

Loens K, Bergs K, Ursi D, Goossens H, Ieven M (2007) Evaluation of NucliSens easyMAG for automated nucleic acid extraction from various clinical specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45(2): 421-425.

Lorenz TC (2012) Polymerase chain reaction: basic protocol plus troubleshooting and optimization strategies. Journal of Visualized Experiments (63): 3998. doi: 10.3791/3998.

Madhavan HN, Priya K, Anand AR, Therese KL (1999) Detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genome using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical samples comparison of PCR with standard laboratory methods for the detection of HSV. Journal of Clinical Virology 14(2): 145-151.

Madrid L, Varo R, Maculuve S, Nhampossa T, Munoz-Almagro C, Calderon EJ, Esteva C, Carrilho C, Ismail M, Vieites B, Friaza V, Lozano-Dominguez MDC, Menendez C, Bassat Q (2018) Congenital cytomegalovirus, parvovirus and enterovirus infection in Mozambican newborns at birth: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 13(3): e0194186.

Martin Ramirez A, Cardenoso Domingo L, Gonzalez Guijarro JJ (2019) PCR Multiplex for CMV Detection in Patients with Anterior Uveitis. Ocular Immunology Inflammation 27(2): 197-202.

Mesquita RT, Ziegler AP, Hiramoto RM, Vidal JE, Pereira-Chioccola VL (2010) Real-time quantitative PCR in cerebral toxoplasmosis diagnosis of Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Journal of Medical Microbiology 59(Pt 6): 641-647.

Montoya JG, Liesenfeld O, Kinney S, Press C, Remington JS (2002) VIDAS test for avidity of Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G for confirmatory testing of pregnant women. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40(7): 2504-2508.

Mousavi M, Saravani R, Modrek MJ, Shahrakipour M, Sekandarpour S (2016) Detection of toxoplasma gondii in diabetic patients using the nested PCR assay via RE and B1 genes. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 9(2):e29493. doi: 10.5812/jjm.29493.

Munro SC, Hall B, Whybin LR, Leader L, Robertson P, Maine GT, Rawlinson WD (2005) Diagnosis of and screening for cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43(9): 4713-4718.

Murphy E, Yu D, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Dickson M, Jarvis MA, Hahn G, Nelson JA, Myers RM, Shenk TE (2003) Coding potential of laboratory and clinical strains of human cytomegalovirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100(25): 14976-14981.

Naciute M, Mieliauskaite D, Rugiene R, Nikitenkiene R, Jancoriene L, Mauricas M, Nora-Krukle Z, Murovska M, Girkontaite I (2016) Frequency and significance of parvovirus B19 infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journa; of General Virology 97(12): 3302-3312.

Nagamine K, Hase T, Notomi T (2002) Accelerated reaction by loop mediated isothermal amplification using loop primers. Molecular and Cellular Probes 16: 223–229.

Nagy B, Ban Z, Beke A, Nagy GR, Lazar L, Papp C, Toth-Pal E, Papp Z (2006) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii from amniotic fluid, a comparison of four different molecular biological methods. Clinica Chimica Acta 368(1-2): 131-137.

Neu N, Duchon J, Zachariah P (2015) TORCH infections. Clinics in Perinatology 42(1): 77-103, viii.

Nimri L, Pelloux H, Elkhatib L (2004) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA and specific antibodies in high-risk pregnant women. Amecial Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71(6): 831-835.

Nitsche A, Steuer N, Schmidt CA, Landt O, Siegert W (1999) Different real-time PCR formats compared for the quantitative detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA. Clinical Chemistry 45(11): 1932-1937.

Nye MB, Leman AR, Meyer ME, Menegus MA, Rothberg PG (2005) Sequence diversity in the glycoprotein B gene complicates real-time PCR assays for detection and quantification of cytomegalovirus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43(10): 4968-4971.

Okamoto K, Fujii K, Komase K (2010) Development of a novel TaqMan real-time PCR assay for detecting rubella virus RNA. Journal of Virological Methods 168(1-2): 267-271.

Ossorio PN, Sibley LD, Boothroyd JC (1991) Mitochondrial-like DNA sequences flanked by direct and inverted repeats in the nuclear genome of Toxoplasma gondii. Journal of Molecular Biology 222(3): 525-536.

Paiva-Cavalcanti M, Regis-da-Silva C, Gomes Y (2010) Comparison of real-time PCR and conventional PCR for detection of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum infection: a mini-review. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 16(4): 537-542.

Paul M, Gupta E, Jain P, Rastogi A, Bhatia V (2018) Diagnostic utility of quantitative cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase chain reaction in intestinal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10(1): 38-43.

Pereira-Chioccola VL, Vidal JE, Su C (2009) Toxoplasma gondii infection and cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. Future Microbiology 4(10): 1363-1379.

Petrik J (2001) Microarray technology: the future of blood testing? Vox Sanguinis 80(1): 1-11.

Prasoona KR, Srinadh B, Sunitha T, Sujatha M, Deepika ML, Vijaya Lakshmi B, Ramaiah A, Jyothy A (2015) Seroprevalence and Influence of Torch Infections in High Risk Pregnant Women: A Large Study from South India. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India 65(5): 301-309.

Rajendran C, Keerthana CM, Anilakumar KR, Satbige AS, Gopal S (2018) Development of B1 Nested PCR for Assessing the Prevalence of Zoonotic Protozoan Disease Agent Toxoplasma Gondii among Food Animals from Karnataka State, Southern India. Journal of Microbiology and Laboratory science 1: 101 Abstract Keywords B 1.

Ramamurthy M, Alexander M, Aaron S, Kannangai R, Ravi V, Sridharan G, Abraham AM (2011) Comparison of a conventional polymerase chain reaction with real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of neurotropic viruses in cerebrospinal fluid samples.Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 29(2): 102-109.

Razonable RR, Brown RA, Espy MJ, Rivero A, Kremers W, Wilson J, Groettum C, Smith TF, Paya CV (2001) Comparative quantitation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in solid organ transplant recipients with CMV infection by using two high-throughput automated systems. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39(12): 4472-4476.

Reddy AK, Balne PK, Reddy RK, Mathai A, Kaur I (2010) Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and inexpensive detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in vitreous specimens from suspected cases of viral retinitis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 48(6): 2050-2052.

Reischl U, Bretagne S, Krüger D, Ernault P, Costa JM (2003) Comparison of two DNA targets for the diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis by real-time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes. BMC infectious diseases 3(1): 7.

Revello MG, Fabbri E, Furione M, Zavattoni M, Lilleri D, Tassis B, Quarenghi A, Cena C, Arossa A, Montanari L, Rognoni V, Spinillo A, Gerna G (2011) Role of prenatal diagnosis and counseling in the management of 735 pregnancies complicated by primary human cytomegalovirus infection: a 20-year experience. Journal of Clinical Virology 50(4): 303-307.

Rinder H, Thomschke A, Dardé ML, Löscher T (1995) Specific DNA polymorphisms discriminate between virulence and non-virulence to mice in nine Toxoplasma gondii strains. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 69(1): 123-126.

Robert F, Ouatas T, Blanche P, Tourte-Schaefer C, Sicard D, Dupouy-Camet J (1996) [Retrospective evaluation of the detection of Toxoplasma gondii by polymerase chain reaction in AIDS patients]. La Presse médicale 25(11): 541-545.

Robert-Gangneux F, Sterkers Y, Yera H, Accoceberry I, Menotti J, Cassaing S, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Hennequin C, Delhaes L, Bonhomme J, Villena I, Scherer E, Dalle F, Touafek F, Filisetti D, Varlet-Marie E, Pelloux H, Bastien P (2015) Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients: a 3-year multicenter retrospective study. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53(5): 1677-1684.

Rodrigues D, de-Paris F, Paiva RM (2013) Minimum detection limit of an in-house nested-PCR assay for herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine 46(5): 625-628.

Romand S, Wallon M, Franck J, Thulliez P, Peyron F, Dumon H (2001) Prenatal diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction on amniotic fluid for congenital toxoplasmosis. Obstetrics & Gynecology 97(2): 296-300.

Ross SA, Novak Z, Pati S, Boppana SB (2011) Overview of the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection. Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 11(5): 466-474.

Schmutzhard J, Merete Riedel H, Zweygberg Wirgart B, Grillner L (2004) Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions. Comparison of real-time PCR, nested PCR and virus isolation. Journal of Clinical Virology 29(2): 120-126.

Sen MR, Shukla BN, Tuhina B (2012) Prevalence of Serum Antibodies to TORCH Infection in and Around Varanasi, Northern India. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 6(9): 1483-1485.

Shabani Z, Esghaei M, Keyvani H, Shabani F, Sarmadi F, Mollaie H, Monavari SH (2015) Relation between parvovirus B19 infection and fetal mortality and spontaneous abortion. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran 29: 197.

Shen CY, Chang SF, Yen MS, Ng HT, Huang ES , Wu CW (1993) Cytomegalovirus excretion in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31(6): 1635-1636.

Shepp DH, Match ME, Ashraf AB, Lipson SM, Millan C, Pergolizzi R (1996) Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B groups associated with retinitis in AIDS. Journal of Infectious Diseases 174(1): 184-187.

Shyamala G, Malathi J, Moses YS, Therese KL, Madhavan HN (2007) Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of rubella virus in clinical specimens. Indian Journal of Medical Research 125(1): 73-78.

Sterkers Y, Varlet-Marie E, Cassaing S, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Brun S, Dalle F, Delhaes L, Filisetti D, Pelloux H, Yera H, Bastien P (2010) Multicentric comparative analytical performance study for molecular detection of low amounts of Toxoplasma gondii from simulated specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 48(9): 3216-3222.

Su C, Shwab EK, Zhou P, Zhu XQ, Dubey JP (2010) Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitology 137(1): 1-11.

Sugishita Y, Akiba T, Sumitomo M, Hayata N, Hasegawa M, Tsunoda T, Okazaki T, Murauchi K, Hayashi Y, Kai A (2016) Shedding of rubella virus among infants with congenital rubella syndrome born in Tokyo, Japan, 2013–2014. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 69(5): 418-423.

Suviriyapaisal C, Wanachiwanawin D, Limawongpranee S (2017) detection of toxoplasma gondii by pcr and quantitative pcr with high specificty and lower limit of detection.The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 48(4): 749-755.

Tabata T, Petitt M, Fang-Hoover J, Zydek M, Pereira L (2016) Persistent Cytomegalovirus Infection in Amniotic Membranes of the Human Placenta. The American Journal of Pathology 186(11): 2970-2986.

Tang YW, Mitchell PS, Espy MJ, Smith TF, Persing DH (1999) Molecular diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections in the central nervous system. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37(7): 2127-2136.

Teixeira LE, Kanunfre KA, Shimokawa PT, Targa LS, Rodrigues JC, Domingues W, Yamamoto L, Okay TS (2013) The performance of four molecular methods for the laboratory diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in amniotic fluid samples. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine 46(5): 584-588.

Varlet-Marie E, Sterkers Y, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Cassaing S, Dalle F, Delhaes L, Filisetti D, Pelloux H, Touafek F, Yera H, Bastien P (2014) Characterization and multicentric validation of a common standard for Toxoplasma gondii detection using nucleic acid amplification assays. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 52(11): 3952-3959.

Veronesi F, Santoro A, Milardi GL, Diaferia M, Branciari R, Miraglia D, Cioffi A, Gabrielli S,  Ranucci D (2017) Comparison of PCR assays targeting the multi-copy targets B1 gene and 529 bp repetitive element for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in swine muscle. Food Microbiology 63: 213-216.