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Volume 6, Issue 4, August Issue - 2018, Pages:701-706


Authors: Shubha GV, BM Chittapur, A.S. Halepyati, Veeresh H
Abstract: The present investigation was conducted during kharif season of 2015 and 2016 at agriculture research station, Dhadesugur, University of agricultural sciences, Raichur to optimizing the performance of genotypes to different seed rates and micronutrients in direct seeded condition under Tungabhadra irrigation command. Treatments were tested using split-split plot design with three replications keeping varieties in main-plots, seed rates in sub-plots and micronutrient levels in sub-sub plot. Among various tested combination, higher grain yield was reported in cv. MTU 1010 (5917 kg ha-1) and this was followed by cvs. GGV 0501 (5115 kg ha-1) and BPT 5204 (4663 kg ha-1). Net returns of Rs. 78,084 was higher with cv. MTU 1010 sown using 30 kg ha?1 and applied with both FeSO4 and ZnSO4  this was followed by cv. BPT 5204 (Rs.76,533 ha-1) at 30 kg ha?1 and applied with both FeSO4 and ZnSO4.Similar trend was obtained in Benefit cost ratio of  2.47 and 2.43.
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Full Text: 1 Introduction Rice is one of the most important staple food crops, in Asia, Africa and Latin America, millions of people living in the tropics and subtropics depend on it. In these areas, population growth rate is rapid and will likely to remain high at least for the next decade (FAO, 2017). In the world, rice is grown on 158.0 m ha-1 with a production of 746.9 mt and productivity of 3889 kg ha-1 (FAO, 2014). In India, rice continues to hold the key to sustain food production by contributing 20-25% and assures food security for more than half of the total population (FAO, 2017). To meet the challenge of producing more rice from suitable lands, it is necessary to use rice varieties with higher yield potential and greater yield stability (Khush, 2004). More than two billion people are getting 60-70 per cent of their energy requirement from rice and its derived products in Asia (Rekha et al., 2015). Rice crop is grown by many ways and these are depending upon availability of resources. Due to resource constraints, especially water and laborers, direct seeding under dry condition is now emerging new trend in rice cultivation. Direct-seeding of rice has the potential to provide several benefits to farmers and the environment over conventional practices of puddling and transplanting. Direct seeding (both wet and dry) avoids nursery raising, seedling uprooting, puddling and transplanting, and thus reduces the labor requirement. Therefore, developing new cultivars and their testing for adoptability and yield would be a continuous job. To realize the maximum possible benefits of rice crop and to obtain higher yield, it is essential to adopt recommended package of agronomic practices for successful cultivation of rice. Among the various cultural practices selection of variety, optimum seed rate and application of micronutrients are most important for yield maximization. The present investigation entitled Performance of genotypes to different seed rates and micronutrients in direct seeded condition under Tungabhadra irrigation command. 2 Material and Methods Present experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2015 and 2016 at agriculture research station, Dhadesugur, University of agricultural sciences, Raichur, India. Geographically it is situated on the latitude of 15o 6North, longitude of 76o 8 East and at an elevation of 358 meters above mean sea level. Soil of experimental field was medium black and clay loam in texture. The soil was neutral in reaction (pH 7.20 and 7.04) and relatively high in soluble salts (1.13 and 1.08 dS m-1). The soil was high in organic carbon (0.86 and 0.84), medium in available nitrogen (286.0 and 280.0 kg ha-1) and available P2O5 (22.2 and 27.2 kg ha-1), while it was high in K2O (427.0 and 438.5 kg ha-1). The DTPA extractable micronutrient content revealed deficient zinc (0.63 and 0.61mg kg-1) and iron (4.41 and 4.40 mg kg-1) during kharif 2015 and kharif 2016 respectively (Table1). The experiment was laid out in split split plot design keeping cultivars in main plot treatments V1- Gangavathi sona (GGV 05 01),V2- MTU 1010 and V3- BPT -5204, seed rates in sub plot treatments: S1- 25 kg ha-1,S2- 30 kg ha-1and S3- 35 kg ha-1,and in sub-sub plot treatments:M1- Control (no micronutrients), M2- FeSO4 (Soil application @ 25 kg ha-1+ foliar application @ 0.5% twice at  15 and 30 DAS), M3- ZnSO4 (Soil application @ 25                   kg ha-1 + foliar application @ 0.5% twice at 15 and 30 DAS) and M4- M2 + M3. Normal crop husbandry practices were followed for successful rising of the crop. The statistical analysis were carried out to obtained data and tested at five per cent level of significance to interpret the treatment difference (Gomez & Gomez, 2010). Overall, variations in pooled data were highlighted unless otherwise individual years behaved differently. In the present investigation during rainy season, cv. MTU 1010 recorded significantly higher grain yield (5917 kg ha-1) over cultivars GGV 0501 (5115 kg ha-1) and BPT 5204 (4663 kg ha-1). The increase in yield with cv. MTU 1010 was to the tune of 15.6 and 26.9% respectively over GGV 0501 and BPT 5204 cultivars (Table 2). The coarse grain cultivar, MTU 1010 is found suitable for DSR  ecosystem with higher yield potential. MTU 1010 being early 10-15 days it could be preferred over others under moisture constraint situations to make best use of the scarce moisture. Similar results were obtained by Zhao et al. (2007), Awan et al. (2011) and Yadav et al. (2017) in aerobic rice under different rice ecosystems. The finding draws its strength from Kiran et al. (2015) who also worked in the TBP irrigation command earlier and reported superior performance of cv. JKPH 3333, followed by GGV 0501 and BPT 5204 cultivars. Among seed rates, a medium seed rate of 30 kg ha-1 across cultivars recorded higher grain (5684 kg ha-1) (Table 2). Better performance of DSR with moderate seed rate in terms of seed yield and straw yield due to better performance of growth and yield components under moderate seed rate. In the Indo-Gangetic plain, in India also a seed rate of 20-25 kg ha-1 was found optimum for medium fine grain rice cultivars (Gopal et al., 2010). Application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4 both basally to the soil and to the foliage subsequently recorded higher grain yield (5614 kg ha-1). At Parbhani, similar to present finding Jadhav et al. (2014) obtained significantly higher yields with combined application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4 at 10 kg ha-1 each. In Over all interactions, cv. MTU 1010 sown with 30 kg ha-1 seed rate and applied with both FeSO4 and ZnSO4 besides recommended NPK (150:75:75 kg ha-1) recorded higher grain yield (6804 kg ha-1) (Table 2). Yadav et al. (2017) obtained higher yield of hybrid cultivars DRRH-3 and PAC 837 with higher seed rate of 35 kg ha-1under aerobic cultivation, and it being coarse cultivar with bold grains higher seed rate could be expected unlike other cultivars used in present study. As far micronutrient nutrition is concerned, Gill et al. (2006) obtained higher yield with foliar nutrition of MnSO4 and FeSO4 with Basmati rice at Ludhiana. Net returns of Rs. 78,084 was higher with cv. MTU 1010 sown using 30 kg ha?1 and applied with both FeSO4 and ZnSO4  followed by cv. BPT 5204 (Rs.76,533 ha-1) at 30 kg ha?1 and applied with both FeSO4 and ZnSO4 (Table 3). Similar trend was obtained in Benefit cost ratio of 2.47 and 2.43 (Table 4). Conflict of Interest Authors would hereby like to declare that there is no conflict of interests that could possibly arise.
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