Full Text: 1 Introduction Sesame  (Sesamum indicum L.) as an oilseed is potent to meet the domestic demand of edible oil in India. Though India is one of the major sesame producers in the world (www.faostat.fao.org - 2016), but this crop has been highly neglected and identified as an orphan crop. This resulted into enormous loss of germplasm and drastic reduction in variation. An insight into characterization and preservation of naturally existing variation in sesame, therefore, has become a necessity for further improvement of the crop.  Phenological traits, due to pleiotropic effect and polygenic control, exhibit overlapping variation within and between species populations offering taxonomic complexity (Huber-Morath & Phlomis, 1982; Wang et al., 2010; Pabby & Rockman, 2013). Soluble seeds storage protein markers assessed through Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) had been successfully employed to characterize cultivated varieties in several crop plant species, of which Mung (Ghaffor et al., 2002), Pea (Jha & Ohri, 2002), Einkorn wheat (Alvarez et al., 2006), Brassica (Khurshid & Rabbani, 2012) are few to name. Reliability of soluble seed storage protein markers lies in the fact that these are less influenced by environmental fluctuation as compared to phenological markers, therefore stable, uniform and reproducible. Moreover SDS-PAGE takes less time, is simpler to perform and is more economic than nucleic acid markers.  Only a few references are available on soluble seeds storage protein polymorphism study involving Indian sesame germplasm. Akhila & Beevy (2011) reported the presence of fourteen bands in a study of seven sesame genotypes including wild and cultivated species. The protein polymorphism was able to group the genotypes belonging to two different species into separate clusters. Das et al. (2013) reported the presence of twenty two bands in a study with twenty six advanced sesame mutant lines and respective controls. But the study did not offer much specificity in grouping the mutants according to their parental origin. Dar et al., (2014) reported as much as twenty one bands in a study with fifty two Indian sesame germplasms. Similarly, Singharaj & Onsaard (2015) carried out SDS-PAGE in sesame genotypes with varied seed coat colour, for its food value. According to recent study, seed coat colour in sesame is more helpful in phylogenetic study than geographic origin of genotypes                 (Zhang et al., 2013). In the present research work an attempt was made to search for correlation between soluble seed storage protein polymorphism of a number of Indian sesame cultivars with the cultivars’                   agro-ecological zone of adoption and also with cultivars’                   seed coat colour, which would definitely incite more             knowledge on divergence and phylogeny in sesame.                  Correlation of protein markers with seed coat colours would              further help in assessing genotypes for those biochemical traits which are linked to particular seed coat colours (Zhang et al., 2013). Such correlation, if exists, can be employed to identify diverse and superior sesame genotypes for future crop improvement programme. 2 Materials and methods     Table 1 Detail of cultivars under study   Genotypes Seed coat colour State: Agro-ecological zone of adoption* Amrit, Nirmala, Uma Pale yellow Odisha: Sub-humid, Coastal OSC-207, OSC-593 White TKG-352, TKG-22 White Madhya Pradesh: Semi-arid, sub-humid DSS-09 White Karnataka: Arid, Semi-arid TMV-4, TMV-6, VRI-1 Brown Tamil Nadu: Semi-arid, Coastal Gujarat Til-2 (GT-2) White Gujarat: Arid, Semi-arid, Coastal CST-2001-12 White Haryana, Rajasthan: Arid RT-54, RT-348 Brown B-14, Tilottama  (B-67), CUMS 3, V-1, V-15, Rama Brown West Bengal: Humid- per humid, Coastal CUMS 9, CUMS 11 Mixed colour [1] CUMS 17, NIC 8316, Saheb Pale yellow V -10, V-12 Deep Brown *Source: ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute; [1] Mixed colours seeds included pale yellow, brown, deep brown